Before 1960, a total reliance was put on the cultivar ' Gros Michel', and it supplied almost all the export trade. Panama disease affects a wide range of banana cultivars however, it is best known for the damage it caused to a single cultivar in the early export plantations. By 1950 it had spread to all the banana-producing regions of the world with the exception of some islands in the South Pacific, the Mediterranean, Melanesia and Somalia. It is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia and was first reported in Australia in 1876. Panama disease is one of the most destructive plant diseases of modern times. It can also be spread in soil and running water, on farm implements or machinery. cubense, they are a common means by which this pathogen is disseminated.
Banana plant stem rot free#
Because these rhizomes are usually free of symptoms even when the plant is infected by F. Banana plants are therefore propagated asexually from offshoots. Since the 2010s, a new outbreak of Panama disease caused by the strain Tropical Race 4 (TR4) has threatened the production of the Cavendish banana, today's most popular cultivar.Īlthough fruits of the wild bananas ( Musa spp.) have large, hard seeds, most edible bananas are seedless. The Gros Michel banana was the dominant cultivar of bananas, and Fusarium wilt inflicted enormous costs and forced producers to switch to other, disease-resistant cultivars. ĭuring the 1950s, an outbreak of Panama disease almost wiped out commercial Gros Michel banana production. The pathogen is resistant to fungicides and its control is limited to phytosanitary measures. It is a wilting disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. Panama disease (or Fusarium wilt) is a plant disease that infects banana plants ( Musa spp.). Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Australia, the Philippines, Jordan, Vietnam, Laos, Pakistan, Lebanon, Mozambique, Oman Water, soil residues, replanting of suckers, farming tools and transport, leaf trash Gros Michel banana affected by disease, Costa-Rica, 1919
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